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MASSACHUSETTS 



HORTICULTURAL 



SOCIETY. 



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AN 



ADDRESS, 



PRONOUNCED BEFORE THE 



MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS 



SECOND ANNUAL FESTIVAL, 



THE 10th OF SEPTEMBER, 1830. 



BY ZEBEDEE COOK, J R 



BOSTON: 

PRIN1ED BY ISAAC R. BUTTS. 

1830. 



34 m£ 



u 






ADDRESS. 



ABBES 



Mr President, 

and Gentlemen of the 

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, — 

The propitious circumstances under which we 
have assembled to celebrate our second?annual festi- 
val, must be gratifying to all who cherish an interest 
in the prosperity of our institution, and more particu- 
larly to those who have labored to acquire for it its 
present prosperous and elevated condition. The ex- 
periment has been fairly tested, and thus far its results 
are too apparent to permit even the most skeptical 
to doubt of either its utility or its final success. Its 
interests are too closely identified with the general 
good, as well as with individual comfort and happi- 
ness, to allow us to waver in our hopes, or to falter 
in our exertions to effect the original design of its 
creation. 

We have not come up hither to recount the ex- 
ploits of military prowess, or to mingle in the strife, 
or participate in the conquests of political gladiators. 
We come not to swell the paeans of the conqueror or 



to mourn over our prostrate liberties. We come not 
to indulge in the feelings which are incited by the 
contemplation of such objects, for we war not with 
the sword, nor seek to gather laurels in the field of 
hostile or fierce contentions. 

But we have come together at the ingathering of 
the harvest, to exhibit an acceptable offering of a 
portion of its bounties. We have come in the pa- 
cific and genial spirit of the pursuits we love to partici- 
pate in, the enjoyments the occasion imparts, and we 
have come to reciprocate the congratulations of the 
season, in the success with which our labors and our 
experiments have been crowned. 

The primitive employment of man was that of a 
tiller of the ground, and the garden of Eden, planted 
and ornamented by the hand of its Creator, was as- 
signed to the care of our great progenitor ' to dress 
and to keep it.' From the earliest period of the 
world to the present day, the cultivation of the ground 
has been viewed with special favor by all civilized 
nations. Even heroes, philosophers, and statesmen 
have sought in rural employments a temporary re- 
laxation from the cares and perplexities incident to 
their public labors. It is not necessary to explore the 
annals of ancient history for the names of individuals 
who have been thus distinguished. The records of 
our own times, and especially of our own country, 
and our own personal observations, afford instances of 
illustrious men who have been thus preeminent, and 
there are those now living amongst us, who, by their 
precept and example, by their scientific and practical 



knowledge and skill, and devotion to its interests, 
have imparted an impulse to the pursuit, that will be 
felt and acknowledged long after they have ceased 
to cheer us by their presence, or to influence us by 
by their personal illustrations. 

The pursuits of horticulture are peaceful. The 
cultivation of fruits and flowers is an unfailing source 
of pleasant and instructive occupation and amuse- 
ment. Labor is lightened, and care is recompensed, 
and industry is cheered in the contemplation of the 
expanding beauties of spring, in the delightful fra- 
grance and glowing and grateful anticipations of 
summer, and in the consummation of our hopes in 
autumn. 

The pursuits of horticulture are salutary to the 
physical and moral nature of man. They impart 
vigor to the body, and expansion and elevation to the 
mind. The plants that are everywhere scattered in 
his pathway, and around, above and beneath him, 
delighting the senses with their sweetness, their sim- 
plicity, their grandeur, and perfect adaptation to his 
joys and to his necessities, are silent but impressive 
emblems of the benignity of our heavenly Father, 
admonishing the recipient of his indebtedness, and 
claiming from him the return of a sincere and lively 
gratitude. 

Industry, intelligence, and skill are indispensable 
agents in the business of horticulture. A thorough 
acquaintance with the views of eminent scientific 
and experimental writers, as well as with the more 
legible and definite compositions of nature, are 



essential to the formation of an accomplished, and 
distinguished cultivator. The information we derive 
from study, as from the practical observations of the 
workings of inanimate nature, will administer to our 
success, and prevent in a measure the recurrence of 
errors which flow from inattention, or from the want 
of some established system of operation. A judicious 
selection of soil and aspect is necessary to the health 
of the plant, and will repay our care in the vigor of its 
growth, and in the improvement of the quality and 
quantity of its fruit. 

The opinions of foreign writers, however applicable 
they may be in practice to the mode of cultivation 
pursued in those regions of which they treat, are not 
always suited to the climate and soil of that which 
adopts them. That which is ascertained to be of 
practical utility in one country, under one climate, 
may be unfavorable to the production or maturity of 
the same variety of fruit or vegetables, or ornamental 
trees in another. 

In some climates, indigenous and exotic plants and 
fruits, that require the aid of artificial culture and 
great care in their preservation, are matured in 
others with comparatively little labor. Unassisted 
nature performs nearly all that is needful in their pro- 
duction, relieving man from the toil and anxiety of 
cultivation, and affording him, at the appropriate sea- 
son, a portion of her abundance. 

The present flourishing condition of horticulture 
in our country may, I think, be ascribed to the refined 
taste and liberality of its citizens, and in a measure to 



the improved condition of those whose ingenuity and 
industry is exerted in affording the means of gratify- 
ing that taste, and exciting that liberality. A laudable 
spirit of competition has been awakened among the 
practical and amateur cultivators in this vicinity, which 
I hope will be productive of great and useful results 
to this community. We have witnessed with no ordi- 
nary gratification the increasing variety of flowers, the 
introduction of new and valuable kinds of fruits, and 
the amelioration of those which have been long fami- 
liar to us. And among those fruits which we may, 
without the imputation of a violent presumption, con- 
sider as original native productions, the Baldwin Ap- 
ple, the Seckle, Gushing, Wilkinson, Gore's Heathcote, 
Lewis, Andrews, and Dix Pears, the Lewis or Boston 
Nectarine, and the Downer Cherry, may be classed 
among the most desirable of their kinds. 

It is true that the introduction of these several varie- 
ties of fruits was the result of accident ; this consid- 
eration does not diminish their value, nor should de- 
tract from the merit of those under whose auspices 
they were derived, or introduced to public notice. 

An opinion seems to be entertained by some of our 
most experienced cultivators, that few if any of the 
choice varieties of pears, considered by others as na- 
tive fruits, are indigenous to our soil. That this opi- 
nion is not well founded, I think has been abundantly 
demonstrated by the production of some in the in- 
stances to which I have before referred. Those 
fruits were discovered in isolated situations, in pas- 
tures or in the woods, or generally remote from habi- 



8 

tations, and where no traces of ' man's device ' could 
be discernible in their vicinity, or the ameliorating ef- 
fects upon the tree itself, by engrafting or inoculation. 
In some cases we have positive evidence, derived from 
the personal observation of the proprietor, that the 
tree originated in the place it now occupies, and has 
never been subjected to the operation of artificial 
change. The process of raising ameliorated fruits of 
this description is very slow, if we wait the develop- 
ment of the product in the maturity of the original 
tree. The first generation of fruit may afford the de- 
sired degree of amelioration, although the balance of 
probabilities may be against the fulfilment of that ex- 
pectation. A more summary mode of producing the 
desired result is to transfer a shoot or a bud from a 
young plant to a* thrifty mature tree, and to plant 
the seed of the fruit that it may produce, and thus 
proceed in the multiplication of chances by alternate 
planting and engrafting from the fruit and plant pro- 
duced, until the required quality is obtained. This, 
according to the theory of an ingenious modern 
writer, may be effected in the fifth or sixth genera- 
tion. The experiment, though it may require much 
time and labor, and demand no inconsiderable share 
of patience, is worthy the attention of those, whose 
views are not confined to the narrow precincts of a 
selfish and exclusive policy, but are disposed to imi- 

*It has been suggested to me by a distinguished Horticulturist, 
that this experiment would probably succeed better, if the shoot or bud 
were placed upon an old tree, or one of slow growth, as it would thus 
earlier develope the fruit. 



9 

Uite their predecessors in the liberal provision they 
made for their successors. But I make not this ap- 
peal to any who are actuated by similar feelings to 
those which were indulged by the enlightened legis- 
lator, who, in the discussion of a subject bearing some 
analogy to this, inquired, what has posterity done for 
us ! that we should be required to do this for our pos- 
terity ! 

The reflection that we may not realize the advan- 
tages of those experiments, should not deter us from 
making them. We should be influenced by more 
patriotic and liberal sentiments. Every generation 
of men is a link in the great chain that has been 
forming from the creation of the world, connecting 
the present with the past, and is to be lengthened out 
through succeeding ages. Be it our province then, 
as it is our duty, to preserve the brightness of this 
chain, that our appropriate division of it may loose 
nothing upon a comparison with all its parts, but that 
the period of which it is typical, may be regarded as 
one that was characterized by a suitable respect for 
ourselves, and as a stimulus to the coming generation 
to evince a like regard to the claims of those who are 
to follow. 

The agricultural interests of New England have 
been greatly promoted by the skilful, judicious, and 
generous exertions of the society long since instituted 
in Massachusetts for that purpose. To the ardor 
and zeal that has been unceasingly manifested by the 
distinguished men who have directed its efforts, this 



10 

section of our country is particularly indebted for the 
advances that have been made in this department of 
national industry, and which may not be inaptly 
termed a branch of the * American System.' They 
have given an impulse to the energies and the hopes 
of our yeomanry. They have instilled into their 
minds a portion of their sentiments, and have excited 
in them a spirit of emulation, and the advantages that 
have accrued, and still continue to follow their la- 
bors, are legible in every field, and are daily conspicu- 
ous in our market-places. 

The industry, and perseverance, and forecast of 
the people of New England, is. the basis upon which 
their prosperity and security must be sustained. 

Possessed of fewer natural advantages of soil and 
climate than are enjoyed in other sections of our 
country, we are happily exempted from many of the 
evils to which they are necessarily subjected, by cir- 
cumstances they cannot control. If we are denied 
the privilege of a milder atmosphere, and a more 
temperate climate, if we must submit to the rigors of 
our northern winter, and find no escape from the 
chilling colds of a protracted spring, we can do so 
without murmuring or repining. 

If Providence has been pleased to withhold from 
us, what in its wisdom it has seen fit to confer on 
others, it has given us much, and withheld from us 
much for which we should be grateful. 

The habits and peculiarities of trees and plants is 
a subject which should interest our attention, as a 
knowledge of it will tend to prevent much of the 



11 

confusion, and avert much of the disappointment, to 
which those are exposed who neglect it. 

The unskilful use of the saw and the pruning knife, 
is frequently detrimental to trees, not only in the ex- 
tent of their application, but in the unreasonableness 
of the operation. Winter pruning is sometimes prac- 
tised for the very cogent reason that it is a time 
of comparative leisure. Similar excuses have not 
been unfrequently resorted to, on other occasions, 
and the reminiscences of by-gone days may remind 
some of us of certain mischievous acts performed, for 
the equally commendable reason, that we could find 
no more rational employment for our time. It is 
thought by those who have given much attention to 
the subject, that the most appropriate time for such 
operations is when the sap flows freely, or from the 
latter end of April to the middle of May. This is un- 
doubtedly true in relation to the apple and pear tree, 
but in the opinion of some experienced, and distin- 
guished cultivators, the peach, nectarine,! apricot, 
plum, and cherry trees should not be pruned except 
in August or September. The latter should be sub- 
jected to this operation as sparingly as possible. Lop- 
ping off the leading shoots, or any other of the prin- 
cipal branches, should be avoided as much as practi- 
cable, and while they preserve their health and vigor, 
those parts should be suffered to remain entire, and 
only the smaller superfluous branches removed. 

The wounds caused by the removal of the greater 
or lesser branches should be immediately covered 
by a composition of adhesive and healing ingredients, 



12 

which will prevent the air and moisture from pene- 
trating, and as the juices are then in an active state, 
little or no injury may be apprehended. If this were 
practised more generally than it has been, we should 
not witness so much of premature decay that is seen 
so extensively in our orchards and gardens. 

I am unwilling to dismiss this subject without urging 
upon you the necessity of avoiding as much as possible, 
the removal of large and vigorous branches from your 
trees at any season. To secure success in the cultiva- 
tion of fruit trees, and to give them a tasteful and orna- 
mental, as well as useful form, with a view to produc- 
tiveness, and a simultaneous ripening of their fruits, 
pruning should be commenced the year after they are 
transplanted, and repeated every successive spring, 
by cutting out from the centre, and from the exterior 
all the small, and superfluous, and intersecting shoots, 
wherever they appear, leaving the interior of the tree 
in the form of a tunnel. By this method the fruit, on 
all parts of the tree, will be equally accessible to the 
influence of the sun, and will consequently be more 
equally matured, and of similar qualities on all its 
sections. Trees, like children, should be taught cor- 
rect habits while they are susceptible of good impres- 
sions, and as we are directed to train up the latter in 
the way they should go, that in maturer life they shall 
not depart from the precepts that are instilled into 
their minds in youth, so is it desirable in relation to 
the former, that we should cultivate the young plant 
with reference to the future tree, and prune and train 
it as we would have it to grow. 



13 

But this is not all that is essential to give efficacy 
to our labors. There is an evil to which many kinds 
of trees and plants are subjected, that demands our 
particular attention, and even when that has been 
patiently and zealously exercised, it has proved only 
partially successful. The numerous kinds of insects 
which not only produce incalculable mischief to the 
health, and beauty, and productiveness of the tree, 
but deprives us of no inconsiderable portion of their 
fruits, has hitherto eluded the vigilance and the in- 
genuity of man, in his efforts to provide either a pre- 
ventive or a remedy for the injury thus occasioned. 
The insidious mode of attack in which they arc 
guided by an unerring instinct, would seem to require 
the exercise of almost super-human skill, to avert or 
repress their ravages. 

Cleanliness is indispensable to the health, and beau- 
ty, and usefulness of fruit trees. The moss- covered 
wall is venerated as an object of antiquity ; but tho 
moss-covered tree excites no such reverential emo- 
tions. Nor is our respect for the sentimental cultiva- 
tor of caterpillars, elevated in the ratio of success he 
attains in the pursuit of his favorite art. It were well 
enough while it administers to his pleasures, and 
gratifies his taste, that he should enjoy the exclusive 
benefit of his labors, and far better if he would re- 
strain those objects of his regard within the limits of 
his own domain. If the propagation of those inge- 
nious architects is an interesting employment ; if he is 
gratified by the exhibition of their industry, and is 
impressed with the belief that it would be an act of 



14 

cruelty to demolish their dwellings, and devote the 
occupants to death ; that they would thus 

' in corporal suffering 

Feel a pang as great as when a giant dies,' 

he must be indulged in the exercise of those kindred 
feelings, and in the unenvied possession of his vitiated 
taste. But the criminal disregard of the duties he 
owes to his neighbors, in the indulgence of such pro- 
pensities, whether they proceed from choice or in- 
dolence, deserve the most severe and unrestrained 
rebuke. 

Exudations, or any other unusual appearance of un- 
healthiness or unthriftiness in trees often indicate the 
proximity of the enemy, although such effects are pro- 
duced sometimes by unskilful pruning. An early and 
careful examination will lead to the detection of the 
assailant, and, if seasonably made, may preserve the 
tree. No effectual preventive against the injurious 
operations of the borer upon many of our fruit, and 
some of our forest trees, has yet been devised. 

The cankerworm and the curculio are the most 
extensively fatal, as they are the most crafty of the 
insect race, and no certain means have yet been dis- 
covered to induce the belief that an effectual preven- 
tive will be found to stay their annual ravages. The 
time, and labor, and experiments that have been de- 
voted to the attainment of this desirable object, or 
employed in the investigation of the subject, are 
deserving of more success than have resulted from 
those efforts. Much useful and satisfactory informa- 
tion as to their character and habits, has, however, 



15 

been elicited, but that most desirable end, the pre- 
vention of their devastating effects, has been but par- 
tially attained. 'It is a consummation devoutly to 
be wished,' that all who are interested would unite 
their efforts in the endeavor to arrest the further pro- 
gress of this scourge of our fruit trees. The energies 
of the whole agricultural world could not be concen- 
trated in, and applied to a more important purpose 
connected with the cultivation of fruits. Should any 
individual be so fortunate as to make the discovery 
that shall prove an infallible antidote to the incursions 
of this withering and blighting infliction, he will 
have the proud and enviable satisfaction of contribu- 
ting much to the prosperity of his country, and will 
richly deserve to be numbered among its benefactors. 
It must be obvious to those who have devoted their 
attention to the cultivation of fruits, that the same 
varieties will thrive better in one quality of soil, than 
in another. This is undoubtedly true even of some 
of the most hardy, and more especially of those of 
the more tender and delicate kinds. The russetting 
apple affords an example of this ameliorating effect, 
and will furnish a satisfactory elucidation of this po- 
sition. The most perfect are those which are pro- 
duced upon elevated or dry soils interspersed with 
rocks; while those which grow in low and moist 
lands, possess less of the distinguishing traits of that 
variety. I do not state this so much as the result of 
my own practical observations, as from those of more 
experienced cultivators. Such being the fact in re- 
lation to one sort of fruit, may it not be rationally in- 



16 

fcrred that it should be likewise true of many others ? 
The subject commends itself to our attention with 
peculiar interest, and I cannot doubt but that it will 
receive the consideration it merits, 

Associations directed to the promotion of horticul- 
tural pursuits are of comparatively recent date. It 
was reserved to that country, from whence the in- 
trepid band of Pilgrims came, to found an empire in 
this Western hemisphere, to become the pioneers in 
this acceptable work, as she had ever been in all 
others that had a tendency to shed a lustre upon her 
name, and to impart to other nations the influence 
of her beneficent and glorious example. The time 
has passed away, and with it the excitement, I trust, 
never to be revived, when to speak in commendation 
of the institutions of Great Britain, would subject the 
eulogist to the suspicion that he was distrustful of 
those of his native country. I leave to abler hands, 
and more gifted minds, the correction of those un- 
manly and illiberal personalities, that have degraded 
the literature of England in relation to our manners 
and habits, and the uncharitable and mistaken views 
of our government, and the administration of its laws, 
which have been furnished by itinerant book-makers, 
in return for the generous hospitalities of our country- 
men, and thus made the only adequate return of which 
they were capable. 

The Horticultural Society of London was estab- 
lished in 1805, under the highly flattering auspices 
of distinguished scientific and practical men, and was 
the first institution of the kind that had been founded 



17 

in Europe. It has developed a wide field of opera- 
tions, and extended its researches to almost every 
accessible part of the globe. Innumerable specimens 
of the riches of the natural world have been collected 
under its direction, and transferred to England. Asia 
and Africa, and America and Continental Europe, 
have contributed to swell the catalogue of rare and 
valuable plants, to enrich and beautify the rural re- 
treats of our father land. 

In 1809 the Caledonian Horticultural Society was 
formed in Scotland, and still numbers among its pa- 
trons the first of the nobility and gentry of that loyal 
nation. 

The Horticultural Society of Paris was instituted 
in 182G, and is rapidly increasing in numbers and in 
influence. Between the society of Massachusetts 
and that of Paris the most friendly relations exist, and 
are fostered. We have received the most conclusive 
evidence of their regard, and of their desire to pro- 
mote a reciprocal interchange of opinions and sen- 
timents upon the subject of our mutual pursuits. 

We have invited the cooperation of the several 
Horticultural Societies in our own country, to par- 
ticipate with us in extending the influence, and im- 
parting a taste for rural employments. We have ex- 
pressed a desire to be identified with them in the 
general design of our labors. We founded this insti- 
tution for purposes of public utility, and we wish to see 
its benefits become coextensive with the limits of our 
land. Whatever of good may result from our indus- 
try, or be achieved by our exertions, must be seen and 
3 



18 

felt, and will, I trust, be ackowledged by the com- 
munity. 

A taste for rural pursuits and improved culture has 
been widely diffused through the influence and ex- 
ample of this society. An emulation has been excited 
which has been productive of highly gratifying results. 
The weekly exhibitions at our Hall the past and pass- 
ing season, have furnished undeniable evidence of the 
truth of this assertion. The increased varieties of 
beautiful flowers, and rich fruits, and fine culinary 
plants, have surpassed our anticipations, and more 
than all these, are the gratifying effects that have 
followed those exhibitions in the expressions of delight 
we have heard from those who have attended them. 
We cannot be insensible to the commendation of our 
fellow-citizens; we ask for their support and en- 
couragement ; and 1 feel assured that a generous and 
tasteful community can never be unmindful of the 
importance of sustaining an institution that contributes 
so essentially to the supply of their common necessi- 
ties, and administers so abundantly to the happiness 
of the healthful, and the solace of the invalid. 

The varieties of soil and of climates with which 
our country is diversified, are favorable to the growth 
of almost every plant, which nature yields to the wants 
or the tastes of man. The magnolia, the tulip, the 
judas, the laurel, and other flowering trees that may 
vie in beauty and fragrance with almost any of the 
exotic plants, are indigenous to our forests, and are 
improved by cultivation when transplanted to appro- 
priate situations. And we are indebted to the provi- 



19 

dent care of nature for the origin of many of our 
most valuable esculents which have become amelior- 
ated by culture, and which use has rendered in a 
measure indispensable to our convenience and comfort. 
In the interminable forests where the voice of civi- 
lized man has not been heard, nor the foot of civilized 
man penetrated, where the silence of nature has con- 
tinued undisturbed since the earliest dawn of creation, 
save by the howlings of the untamed enemies of our 
race, or the murmuring of waters rushing to their 
appointed destination in hidden meanderings, or glid- 
ing in silvery brightness through verdant meadows, 
and over rocky precipices, tumbling in wild and fear- 
ful confusion into the deep chasm, thence flinging 
their glittering spray upwards, mingling in sunbeams, 
and hanging midway in the heavens the transient 
beauties of the bow of promise! — there, where na- 
ture reposes in her lofty, but rude and simple gran- 
deur, in coming years, though perhaps remote, men 
from all sections of this vast country, and from nations 
beyond the sea, will be gathered together, and from 
the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the far-off bor- 
ders of the Pacific Sea, under the protecting a?gis of 
our insignia of liberty, villages, and towns and cities 
will arise, and associations will be established where 
the cheering light of science and the arts shall blend 
their influence, and seminaries of learning will be 
founded, that shall give to mind its power and to 
man his merited elevation, and a taste for all that ad- 
ministers to the improvement of social life, and the 
diffusion of the means of social happiness, and God 



: r-- • 20 

shall be worshipped in temples consecrated to His 
service in the simplicity, and truth, and power of 
His word. 

In this future vision, that is not destined to bless our 
sight, but is reserved to future generations to look 
upon, may we not hope that the influence of those 
principles we now commemorate may be implanted 
and widely diffused. 

It is a common observation of travellers, that in the 
interior portions of New England, remote from popu- 
lous towns, very little if any attention is given to the 
cultivation of good fruits, and it is equally true that 
many of our substantial practical agriculturists in 
those regions, deny themselves even the convenience 
or luxury of a kitchen garden. Mankind must be 
permitted to stint themselves in the enjoyments of 
the bounties of nature if such be their pleasure. If 
indifference or parsimony induce such self-denial, 
and they who practise it were alone inconvenienced, 
it is a matter with which a stranger need not inter- 
meddle ; but, inasmuch, as such a disuse of the boun- 
ties of heaven are detrimental to the public at large, 
we may rebuke the unpatriotic spirit by which they 
are influenced. 

It is worthy of remark, that in all parts of the conti- 
nent of Europe where fruits are abundant, and cheap- 
ly procured, a greater degree of temperance in the 
use of intoxicating liquors is prevalent among all 
classes of the inhabitants than elsewhere. This con- 
sideration alone, commends the subject most forcibly 
to the general favor, and in an especial manner to 



21 

those philanthropic men who are devising plans for 
the suppression of that debasing and destructive prac- 
tice of intemperance. Horticultural societies are in 
a measure auxiliary to this benevolent design, in ad- 
ministering an antidote to that baneful indulgence 
which makes havoc of the mind, by furnishing a sub- 
stitute in the wholesome beverage expressed from the 
apple, the pear, the grape and the currant, as in the 
solace to be derived from the natural and ordinary 
use of the fruit. 

Rural architecture may not inappropriately claim a 
passing notice on the present occasion. It has not 
hitherto, here, received the attention it deserves. 
One reason why it has not, is probably the unwilling- 
ness, or the apprehension of incurring an expensive 
outlay, without the immediate prospect of an ade- 
quate return. This, I think, it may be made apparent, 
is more imaginary than real. It is not to be denied 
trjat large sums have been injudiciously expended in 
the construction of some of our rural retreats, and 
more especially in the erection of the house, the pre- 
paration of gravel-walks, the construction of observa- 
tories, artificial caverns, fish-ponds, etc. Those who 
possess the means have an unquestionable right to 
gratify their tastes, and indulge their fancies, in such 
expenditures, but it does not follow that others, with 
more limited resources, may not procure as much 
satisfaction by a less conspicuous display of their 
tastes and their fancies. Durability in the materials 
selected, and convenience and simplicity in the de- 
sign and construction of the house, are all that is 



22 

essential for a country residence. A white exterior, 
which presents a pleasing contrast to the green vest- 
ments, the prevailing coloring of nature in her rural 
empire, is preferable to any other. The artificial 
embellishments of the exterior of the house are of 
secondary consideration. The honey-suckle, the big- 
nonia, the eglantine and the woodbine, intermingling 
and entwining their flexible branches, and attaching 
themselves by their tendrils, or other means with 
which nature has provided them, to any object that 
will afford them support, or artificially secured and 
tastefully arranged, will present a far more pleasing 
aspect than the ingenuity of man can devise, or the 
application of art accomplish. But it is upon the 
grounds that the taste of the proprietor should be ex- 
hibited, and this can be effected at comparatively 
little expense. Most of the native; and many of the 
foreign varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs, may 
be raised from seeds, and a nursery thus formed wjll 
in a few years afford a sufficient supply to occupy the 
borders or other places designed for their reception. 
Collections of many desirable kinds may be procured 
from the contiguous forests. The work of preparing 
the borders or divisions of the enclosure to be appro- 
priated to the location of the plants, may be done at 
intervals when leisure will permit, or when it will not 
interfere with more important duties. The gravel- 
ling of garden avenues may be dispensed with. The 
ordinary soil levelled, and laid smooth with the roller, 
will present an agreeable surface with less labor and 
cost than the former. Grass edgings arc preferable 



23 

to those of box, their symmetry can be preserved with 
less care, and are less obnoxious to the charge of the 
treasonable practice of affording shelter and suste- 
nance to myriads of insects which prey upon the de- 
licious products of the vine and other rare fruit. 

We have been too long accustomed to rely upon 
foreign nurseries for fruit trees and other plants. I am 
aware that to a certain extent this is unavoidable. But 
we should depend more upon our own resources, and 
learn to appreciate them. We have suffered too much 
of disappointment, and experienced too much of vexa- 
tion from the carelessness of others to submit with 
patience to a repetition of them. We have waited 
season after season for several successive years for the 
development of fruits that were sent to us under the 
imposing title of some rich and rare variety, and have 
found in the reality that the good consisted alone in the 
name. I would encourage the public nurseries in 
our own vicinity, not to gratify any exclusive or sec- 
tional views, but because we may thereby the more 
easily avoid the inconveniences which have long been 
the subject of complaint against others more remote. 
The fear of prompt and immediate detection and ex- 
posure, will have a tendency to render their proprie- 
tors more cautious, while the liberal support they 
would receive, would stimulate them to secure and 
retain the confidence reposed in them. The imposi- 
tion that was practised upon the patriarch Jacob, who 
was compelled to accept Leah as the reward of seven 
years of labor and toil, for R ebecca -? is somewhat /C*l-S<^JL> 
analagous to the case of manv of us. We, too, have 



24 

numbered full seven years in anticipation of the de- 
velopment of fruits under assurances as specious as 
those by which the patriarch was stimulated to the 
performance of his stipulated servitude', and, like him, 
on its termination, have found a Leah in the place of 
' - M -' a RAeectt, and have again, like him, to accomplish 
another term of years ere we could realize the hopes 
we had formed in the acquisition of the object of 
our desires. 

The public nurseries and gardens of Middlesex 
and Norfolk are entitled to preeminence among those 
of New England, and Newton and Brighton, and 
Charlestown and Milton and Roxbury, are laudably 
competing with similar establishments in other sec- 
tions of our country for the general patronage. 

A familiar acquaintance with the synonymes, and 
their identity with the fruit, is essential to the conve- 
nience of all classes of cultivators, and indispensable 
to the proprietors of extensive nurseries. It will pre- 
vent much of the confusion which now prevails, and 
tend to correct the mistakes which frequently occur 
to those who have not attended to this subject. 

If it has been the prevailing fashion to underrate 
almost everything of domestic origin, and attach a 
value to exotics in proportion to the distance from, 
and the expense at which they were procured, it 
was no less true of the products of the soil, than of 
those of the workshop and the loom. Even the in- 
tellectual labors of our countrymen have, until within 
a short period, been received with the cold formality 
with which an indigent acquaintance is often re- 



25 

cognised. While everything that bore the impress 
of a foreign original was sought after, admired and 
eulogised without much regard to its intrinsic merits, 
But these antinational prejudices and predilections 
are fast receding before the beaming and unquencha- 
ble light of t intelligence and patriotism. 

I have "spoken of the influence that our association 
has exerted in relation to the primary objects of its 
institution. There are other subjects connected with 
its success and usefulness, to which I have adverted, 
and which should interest our attention. A practical 
acquaintance with the different departments of natural 
history will be found to be highly advantageous in the 
business of horticulture. I hope we may avail our- 
selves of the facilities that will be afforded us, to ac- 
quire a knowledge of this subject, when it will com- 
port with the convenience of the gentlemen who have 
been designated as professors and lecturers on botany 
and vegetable physiology, entomology and horticul- 
tural chemistry. I anticipate from those resources 
not only much intellectual gratification, but that, 
from their abundant stores of scientific attainments, 
we may be instructed and encouraged to persevere in 
obtaining a familiar intimacy with all that is essential 
to our pursuits. 

The protection and preservation of useful birds is 
a subject I would propose for your particular consid- 
eration. To those whose souls are attuned to the 
harmony of their music, who delight to listen to the 
warbling of nature's choristers, little need be urged to 
ensure them security in the peaceful possession of 
4 



26 

their accustomed haunts. But if this consideration 
is not sufficient, there is another view in which the 
subject may be presented, that cannot fail to render 
them the objects of our care and watchfulness. We 
must either encourage them, or resign our gardens 
and orchards to the overwhelming ravages of innume- 
rable insatiate insects. We must preserve them, and 
consent to tolerate their minor depredations, or suffer 
them to be destroyed, and with them all hopes of pre- 
serving any portion of our fruits. 

It is asserted upon competent authority, that nearly 
all the food of small birds from the commencement of 
spring to the middle of June, consists of insects; and 
that a pair of sparrows during the time they have their 
young ones to provide for, destroy every week about 
three thousand three hundred caterpillars. By a wise 
and judicious enactment of the legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts, the protection of the law is extended to 
the preservation of certain kinds of birds that are 
enumerated, and a penalty provided for every infrac- 
tion of its provisions. Let this association unite in 
giving efficiency to the laws, by enforcing its opera- 
tions upon every violater, and thus shall we subserve 
the public interests, protect our property, and pre- 
serve those innocent and useful co-laborers, who am- 
ply repay us in the aid they afford, and in the grati- 
fication we derive from their presence, and in listening 
to their inspiring and animating melody. 

The pursuits which it is our object to promote, are 
not only subservient to the happiness of social and 
domestic life, in multiplying the resources of inno- 



27 

cent indulgence, and of the interchange of the kind 
offices of mutual good will, and not only tend to excite 
and elevate that taste for the beauties of creation, 
which almost of necessity leads to communion with 
its All- Glorious Author, but may be consecrated also 
to the holy purpose of rendering more interesting and 
attractive our final resting-place. 

The improvement and embellishment of grounds 
devoted to public uses, is deserving of especial consi- 
deration, and should interest the ingenious, the libe- 
ral and tasteful in devising ' ways and means ' for the 
accomplishment of so desirable an object ; and 1 
deem this a suitable occasion to direct the attention 
of our citizens to a subject I have long wished to 
see presented to their consideration, with an elo- 
quence that could not fail to awaken, and with argu- 
ments that will not fail to insure the influence of all 
in its execution. 

I refer to the establishment of a public cemetery, 
similar in its designs to that of Pere La Chaise in the 
environs of Paris, to be located in the suburbs of this 
metropolis. A suitable regard for the memory of the 
dead is not inconsistent with the precepts of religion 
or of our duty to the living. The place of graves 
affords to the serious and the contemplative, instruc- 
tion and admonition. It teaches us ' what shadows 
we are, and what shadows we pursue.' It is there 
that the heart is chastened, and the soul is subdued, 
and the affections purified and exalted. It is there 
that ambition surveys the boundaries of its powers, 
of its hopes, and its aspirations. And it is there that 



28 

we are constrained to admit, that human distinctions, 
and arrogance, and influence must terminate. I 
would render such scenes more alluring, more fami- 
liar and imposing, by the aid of rural embellishments. 
The skill and taste of the architect should be exerted 
in the construction of the requisite departments and 
avenues ; and appropriate trees and plants should de- 
corate its borders ; — the weeping willow, waving its 
graceful drapery over the monumental marble, and 
the sombre foliage of the Cyprus should shade it, 
and the undying daisy should mingle its bright and 
glowing tints with the native laurels of our forests. 
It is there I would desire to see the taste of the florist 
manifested in the collection and arrangement of beau- 
tiful and fragrant flowers, that in their budding and 
bloom and decay they should be the silent but expres- 
sive teachers of morality, and remind us that, although, 
like the flowers of autumn, the race of man is fading 
from ofT the earth, yet like them his root will not per- 
ish in the ground, but will rise again in a renewed 
existence, to shed the sweet influence of a useful life, 
in gardens of unfading beauty ! 



SECOND 
ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL 

OF THE 

MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



The Second Anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- 
ciety was celehrated on Friday, the 1 Oth of September, at the Ex- 
change Coffee House, in a very splendid manner, notwithstanding 
the unpropitious state of the weather for several days previous, which 
it was feared would prevent so handsome a display of fruits as was 
made last year. The dining hall was very tastefully ornamented 
with festoons and vases of flowers, and the table loaded with nu- 
merous baskets of beautiful peaches, grapes, pears, melons, apples, 
&c, arranged in a very chaste and appropriate manner. Much 
credit is due to the public spirit of E. Edwards, Esq., of Spring- 
field, Mass., a member of the Society, who, in addition to the pleasure 
his own company gave at the dinner table, enriched it with ten 
baskets of beautiful peaches, plums, arid pears, the produce of his 
own and his neighbors' gardens. The trellis of grapes, raised in 
the open air by Mr Fosdick, of Charlestown, excited much atten- 
tion. The Hall of the Exchange was literally crowded with visiters 
from 12 to 2 o'clock. 

The Society was favored with an eloquent and interesting Ad- 
dress, by Z. Cook, Jr., Esq., of Dorchester, at the Lecture Room 
at the Athenaeum, at 11 o'clock, A. M. 

Among the fruits presented, were baskets of very fine Esperione 
and Black Hamburg Grapes, from Wm. Dean, of Salem ; from J- 



30 

W. Treadwell, Salem, Pears, Johonnot ; from T. H. Perkins, 
Grapes, St Peters, Muscat of Alexandria, white Frontignac, black 
do. ; black Hamburg, flame colored Tokay, Chasselas or Sweet 
Water ; Peaches and Nectarines, branches of Irish Ivory, from 
plants raised by Col. P., from cuttings taken by himself from Car- 
risbrook and Warwick castles, England, a beautiful vine, and per- 
fectly hardy ; from John Lowell, Grapes, black Hamburg, (one 
bunch weighing 32 ounces,) and white Tokay ; Peaches ; a plant 
in flower, of Musea Coccinea, has never been flowered before in 
this country; fromRuFusF. Phipps, Charlestown, Nectarines, and 
Andrews Pears; from Dr Webster, Cambridge, flowers, Dahlias, 
&c. ; from Dr Adams, Boston, magnum bonum Plums; from 
Thomas Whitmarsh, Brookline, Peaches; from John Heard, Jr. 
Watertown, Bartlett Pears ; from Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, Boston, St 
Michael's and Broca's Bergamot Pears, White Muscadine Grapes, 
open ground; from N. Clapp, Dorchester, Peaches, natural of the 
6th and 6th generation, has never deteriorated from the parent fruit; 
from J. B. Richardson, Boston, Peaches; from E. M. Richards, 
Dedham, Summer Russet, Red Juneating, and Benoni (a native) 
Apples, and uncommonly fine natural Peaches; from David Fos- 
dick, Charlestown, White Muscadine Grapes, tastefully arranged 
upon a trellis ; from David Haggerston, Charlestown, black 
Hamburg Grapes and Flowers; from Eli sua Edwards, Spring- 
field, Peaches, natural, very large and beautiful, also large and 
beautiful Pears and Plums ; from John A. W. Lamb, Boston, 
Peaches; from Nathaniel Seaver, Roxbury, Bartlett Pears and 
Peaches ; from J. and F. Winship, Brighton, flowers ; from Messrs 
Kenrick, Newton, flowers; from Ebenezer Breed, Charlestown, 
Grapes, five clusters black Hamburg, (two weighing 2^ lbs. each, 
1 weighing 2 lbs.) white Chasselas and Muscat, also flowers ; from 
S. Downer, Bartlett Pears, Porter and Ribstone Pippin Apples. 
Morris' White Peaches, four pots Balsamine, and two pots Snow- 
berry; from Ezra Dyer, Boston, Plums and Peaches; from John 
Prince, Roxbury, Ribstone Pippin Apples; Verte longue, An- 
drews, Bartlett, and green Catharine Pears ; yellow letter Melon, 
Royal D'Tours, Plums, a large branch of Datura Arborea, in 
flower, Dahlias, &,c. ; from Z. Cook, Jr., Dorchester, Bartlett 



31 

Pears, and flowers; from Hector Coffin, Newburyport, Bon Cre' 
tion Pears; from Enoch Bartlett, Dorchester, Peaches, and 
Bartlett Pears ; from S. R. Johnson, Charlestown, White Gage- 
and Bolmar's Washington Plums; from R. Toohey, Waltham, by 
E. W. Payne, Black Hamburg Grapes, Pears, Peaches, and Mel- 
ons ; from Wm. Stone, city farm, South Boston, a Muskmelon, 
weighing 19-1- lbs. ; from E. G. Austin, Boston, magnum bonum 
white Plums ; from Edward Sharp, Dorchester, very fine red 
Roman Nectarines; from Richard Sullivan, Brookline, black 
Hamburg Grapes; from Andrew Brimmer, Boston, White Gage, 
or Prince's fine white and Hill's native Plums, and a branch of 
Swan Pears, and a basket of Pears; from H. A. S. Dearborn, 
Roxbury, great mogul Plums; from G. W. Pratt, Waltham, laige 
Bouquets of flowers ; from Wm. Carter, Botanic Garden, Cam- 
bridge, natural Peaches, very large and beautiful, and flowers y 
from Elias Phinney, native Grapes, and Nectarines; from Che- 
ver Newhall, Dorchester, fine natural Peaches; from Nehemiah 
D. Williams, Roxbury, Porter and other Apples ; from O. Pettee,. 
Newton, Caroline Cling-Stone Peaches; from S. G. Perkins, a 
dressed basket of fruit, consisting of black Hamburg, black Cape, 
and Muscat of Alexandria Grapes; and the Alberge Admirable, 
Great Montague Admirable, Morris' White or Pine, and Landreth's 
Cling-Stone Peaches; from E. Vose, of Dorchester, beautiful 
Groose Mignonne Peaches, Bartlett Pears, Persian and Pine Ap- 
ple Melons, and large Watermelons ; from Henry A. Breed, of 
Lynn, Watermelons; from Peter C. Brooks, of Medford, by 
George Thompson, gardener, large clusters of black Hamburg 
Grapes, and fine Spice Apples ; from John Lemist of Roxbury, 
several varieties of beautiful flowers; Charles Senior, flowers; 
William Worthington flowers, in wreaths. 

At four o'clock the Society, with their friends and invited 
guests sat down to a dinner prepared by Mr Gallagher, when the 
following sentiments were drunk. 

regular toasts. 
1. JVeu7 England— The hills that gave shelter to Liberty are 
now crowned with the blessings of Ceres. 



32 

2. The Constitution of the United States — The vigor of the 
slock will soon correct the saplings that may be engrafted on it. 

3. Liberty — Having completed her Temple — we would entwine 
he stately columns with the peaceful vine. 

4. Our Senator in Congress — Himself invulnerable ; he fur- 
nishes arms for the security of States. 

5. Our Controversies with the Parent Country — Let them be 
manly struggles for a more honorable union on reciprocal principles- 

6 Massachusetts Cultivators — May our efforts and success be 
in an inverse ratio to our climate and soil. 

7. Golden Apples and Golden Fleeces — May they cease to be 
emblems of discord and disunion. 

8. Nullification — A mode of re-dressing — highly destructive of 
the black and white sorts. 

9. Horticulture and Floriculture — By which all climates and 
all soils may be compelled to concentrate their uses and beauties at 
the pleasure of man. 

10. The practical and scientific Cultivator — A man who makes 
experiments in farming and in gardening for the benefit of his 
neighbor. 

11. Diffusion of kind and of kindness — Our grapes can never be 
sour, for they will be within the reach of everybody. 

12. Woman — The industry, science, and taste of man, is improv- 
ing the soil for a more extended dominion of Flora. 

13. Thefruits of the Patriots of France — We would return them 
renovated and more grateful to the world by American adoption. 

14. The monarcldcs of Europe — Vicious stocks must go to the 
wall for improved cultivation. 

15. Cultivation in its tivo great branches, mental and manual — 
The latter without the former is an eddy in a stream — always 
moving, never advancing. 

16. Novelties in cultivation — Never adopted without caution, 
nor rejected without trial — for although everything which is new 
may not be useful, yet everything useful was once new. 



33 



VOLUNTEERS. 

By the President, General Dearborn: Lafayette — ' Without 
fear and without reproach;' the illustrious Champion of Liberty in 
three Revolutions. 

By His Excellency Gov. Lincoln. The vine, under the shadow 
of which Freemen dwell securely— May its new growth be pro- 
tected in that country, where it requires rather training than 
heading. 

By his Honor the Mayor. New England — May every farm be- 
come a garden, every garden adorned with vines — and may it be 
the boast of our posterity, that their Fathers did not eat sour grapes. 

By the Chief Justice. Education — The culture of the mind, 
which always requites the faithful laborer with the sweetest flowers 
and the richest fruit. 

By Hon. B. W. Croioninshicld. The Apple and Plum — May 
we never eat of the apple of discord, and have plums enough to 
make smooth the way of life. 

By the Rev. Mr Pierpont. A Garden — The primitive and 
perpetual scene of all that makes man great— labor and serious 
thought; in which, having seen the smile of God in the heat, he 
may hear his voice ' in the cool of the day.' 

By Judge Chipman, of New Brunswick. The city of Boston — 
May it preserve its high character and its public spirit. 

Communicated by the Hon. John Lowell. The Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society — May liberality, without a tincture of jealousy, 
and cautious and scientific scrutiny, be its distinguished charac- 
teristic. 

By Zcbcdce Cook, Jr. Esq., 1st Vice President. The Press — 
Charles X. and his ' travelling Cabinet ' — the best modern com- 
mentary upon its power and influence when exerted in the cause 
of civil liberty and the rights of man. 

By the Hon. Edward D. Bangs, Secretary of the Common- 
wealth. Agriculture and Horticulture — Pursuits in which compe- 
tition excites no jealousy, and where ambition is often crowned 
with success. 

5 



34 

By John C. Gray, Esq. The memory of Stephen Elliot of Soullf 
Carolina — The death of an accomplished botanist is the loss of 
the whole world. 

By E. Phinney, Esq., Vice President. Rural employment — 1 
gives purity and freshness to the opening hud of youth — beauty and 
fragrance to the flower of manhood — and a wholesome soundness 
to the fruits of old age. 

By Dr Thacher of Plymouth. The noble achievements of 
Horticulture— Peaches and Pears big as pumpkins, and grapes in 
clusters like that borne on a staff by two men from the valley of 
Grapes in the wilderness of Paran. 

By Gen. Sumner. The Nullificators — South Carolina Borers — 
as nobody cares about them out of their own State, they ought to 
be dug out there. 

By Dr S. A. Shurtleff. Gen. Lafayette — The Hero of three 
Revolutions. 

Communicated by Judge Story, who was prevented by illness 
from attending the meeting : The pleasures of the day — The fruits 
of <rood taste, and the taste of good fruits. 

The soil of Algiers under French culture — Let them plant the 
tree of Knowledge, and that of Liberty will spring up of itself. 

By J. C. Gray, Esq. The Republics of South America — Thrifty 
plants, which have withstood fire and steel by dint of vigorous 
shooting — may they never be injured by any injudicious attempt 
at Crown Grafting. 

By S. Downer, Esq. The Second Anniversary of our Society — 
It brings with it the strengthened assurance of its great success, in 
promoting the elegant, useful, and interesting science, which it 
has for its object. 

The Recipes of our English ' Kitchener ' may suit a foreign 
taste — We prefer the prescriptions of a Yankee Cook. 

The Garden Festival — 

' Blossoms and fruits and flowers together rise, 
And the whole year in wild profusion lies.' 

After the Governor had retired — 

Gov. Lincoln — Fearless, independent, and patriotic — May he 



35 

who never forgets his country, be always supported by his country- 
men. 

Communicated by Jacob Lorrillard, Esq., President of the New 
York Horticultural Society : The Massachusetts Horticultural So- 
ciety — Her blossoms insure a fruitful harvest. 

Communicated by Judge Buel, President of the Albany Horti- 
cultural Society : Old Blassachusetts — a nursery of Industry, En- 
terprise, Talent, and Patriotism — Her Plants have been widely dis- 
seminated, and are found to flourish and fruit well, in every climate 
and in every soil. 

Sent by William R. Prince, Esq. of Flushing, N. Y. : The Star 
of Promise — the Ancients watched its glory in the East — We 
.hail its brightest ascension in the West. 

By Dr Storer, of Boston. Our Society — In these her days of 
successful operation^ may she gratefully remember the vehicle 
which has borne her on to popularity and usefulness — a Dearborn. 

Sent by Alfred S. Prince, Esq., of Flushing, N. Y. : Boston — 
Nature's favored spot, where the flowers of rhetoric commingle 
with those which spring from the domain of Flora. 

On motion of Mr Z. Cook, Jr., the Hon. Ward Chipman, of 
New Brunswick, was elected an honorary member of the Society. 

When Judge Chipman retired — 

Judge Chipman — Our new member, and the agent of the British 
Government for establishing our Eastern boundary — We should 
be pleased to have such a one fixed as would bring him within 
our limits. 

By Mr Edwards, of Springfield. The Massachusetts Horticul- 
tural Society — Success and prosperity to all her experiments. 

After the President had retired, Mr Cook gave — 

Henry A. S. Dearborn, President of the Massachusetts Horti- 
cultural Society — Under his assiduous, skilful, and energetic ad- 
ministration, this institution cannot fail to realize the hopes and 
anticipations of its founders. 



36 



THE COURSE OF CULTURE. 
BY G. T. FESSENDEN. 

Sung at the Second Anniversary of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 
to the tune — ' Jiuld Lang Syne.' 

Survey the world, through every zone, 

From Lima to Japan, 
In lineaments of light 't is shown 

That culture makes the man. 
By manual culture one attains 

What Industry may claim, 
Another's mental toil and pains 

Attenuate his frame. 

Some plough and plant the teeming soil, 

Some cultivate the arts ; 
And some devote a life of toil 

To tilling heads and hearts. 
Some train the adolescent mind, 

While buds of promise blow, 
And see each nascent twig inclined 

The way the tree should grow. 

The first man, and the first of men, 

Were tillers of the soil ; 
And that was Mercy's mandate then, 

Which destined man to moil. 
Indulgence preludes fell attacks 

Of merciless disease, 
And Sloth extends on fiery racks 

Her listless devotees. 

Hail, Horticulture ! Heaven-ordained, 

Of every art the source, 
Which man has polished, life sustained, 

Since time commenced his course. 



37 

Where waves thy wonder-working wand 
What splendid scenes disclose ! 

The blasted heath, the arid strand, 
Out-bloom the gorgeous rose ! 

Even in the seraph-sex is thy 

Munificence described ; 
And Milton says in lady's eye 

Is Heaven identified. 
A seedling, sprung from Adam's side, 

A most celestial shoot ! 
Became of Paradise the pride, 

And bore a world of fruit. 

The Lilly, Rose, Carnation, blent 

By Flora's magic power, 
And Tulip, feebly represent 

So elegant a flower. 
Then, surely, Bachelors, ye ought, 

In season to transfer 
Some sprig of this sweet 'touch-me-not,' 

To grace your own parterre ; 

And every Gardener should be proud, 

With tenderness and skill, 
If haply he may be allowed 

This precious plant to till. 
All that man has, had, hopes, can have, 

Past, promised, or possessed, 
Are fruits which culture gives or gave 

At Industry's behest. 



OFFICERS 



MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



PRESIDENT. 

HENRY A. S. DEARBORN, Roxbury. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr., Dorchester. 
JOHN C. GRAY, Boston. 
ENOCH BARTLETT, Roxbury. 
ELI AS PHINNEY, Lexington. 

TREASURER. 

CHEEVER NEWHALL, Boston. 

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. 

JACOB BIGELOW, M. D., Boston. 

RECORDING SECRETARY. 

ROBERT L. EMMONS, Boston. 

COUNSELLORS. 

AUGUSTUS ASPINWALL, Brookline. 
THOMAS BREWER, Roxbury. 
HENRY A. BREED, Lynn. 
BENJ. W. CROWNINSHIELD, Salem. 
J. G. COGSWELL, Northampton. 
NATHANIEL DAVENPORT, Milton. 
E. HERSEY DERBY, Salem. 
SAMUEL DOWNER, Dorchester. 



39 

OLIVER FISKE, Worcester. 

B. V. FRENCH, Boston. 

J. M. GOURGAS, Weston. 

T. W. HARRIS, M. D., Milton. 

SAMUEL JAQJJES, Jr., Charlestown. 

JOS. G. JOY, Boston. 

WILLIAM KENRICK, Newton. 

JOHN LEMIST, Roxbury. 

S. A. SHURTLEFF, Boston. 

BENJAMIN RODMAN, New Bedford. 

JOHN B. RUSSELL, Boston. 

CHARLES SENIOR, Roxbury. 

WILLIAM H. SUMNER, Dorchester. 

CHARLES TAPPAN, Boston. 

JACOB TIDD, Roxbury. 

M. A. WARD, M. D., Salem. 

JON A. WINSHIP, Brighton. 

WILLIAM WORTHINGTON, Dorchester. 

ELIJAH VOSE, Dorchester. 

AARON D. WILLIAMS, Roxbury. 

E. M. RICHARDS, Dedham. 

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY AND VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY, 

MALTHUS A. WARD, M. D. 

PROFESSOR OF ENTOMOLOGY. 

T. W. HARRIS, M. D. 

PROFESSOR OF HORTICULTURAL CHEMISTRV. 

J. W. WEBSTER, M. D. 



STANDING COMMITTEES 



OF THE 

COUNCIL, 



I. 

ON FRUIT TREES, FRUITS, &C. 

To have charge of whatever relates to the multiplication of fruiS 
trees and vines, by seed, scions, buds, layers, suckers, or other 
modes; the introduction of new varieties; the various methods of 
pruning and training them, and whatever relates to their culture, 
and that of all other fruits ; the recommendation of objects for 
premiums, and the awarding of them. 

ELTAS PHINNEY, Chairman. 
SAMUEL DOWNER, 
OLIVER FISKE, 
ROBERT MANNING, 
CHARLES SENIOR, 
ELIJAH VOSE, 
WILLIAM KENRICK, 
E. M. RICHARDS. 

II. 

ON THE CULTURE AND PRODUCTS OF THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 

To have the charge of whatever relates to the location and 
management of Kitchen Gardens ; the cultivation of all plants 
appertaining thereto ; the introduction of new varieties of esculent, 
medicinal, and all such vegetables as are useful in the arts or are 
subservient to other branches of national industry ; the struc- 
ture and management of hot-beds; the recommendation of objects 
for premiums, and the awarding of them. 

DANIEL CHANDLER, Chairman. 
JACOB TIDD, 
AARON D. WILLIAMS, 
JOHN B. RUSSELL, 
NATHANIEL SEAVER, 
LEONARD STONE. 



41 
III. 

ON ORNAMENTAL TREES, 3KRUBS, FLOWERS, AND GREEN-HOUSES. 

To have charge of whatever relates to the culture, multi- 
plication, and preservation of ornamental trees and shrubs, and 
flowers of all kinds ; the construction and management of green- 
houses, the recommendation of objects for premiums, and the 
awarding of them. 

ROBERT L. EMMONS, Chairman. 
JONATHAN WINSHIP, 
JOSEPH G. JOY, 
DAVID HAGGERSTON, 
GEORGE W. PRATT. 

IV. 

ON THE LIBRARY. 

To have charge of all books, drawings, and engravings, and to 
recommend from time to time such as it may be deemed expedient 
to procure ; to superintend the publication of such communications 
and papers as may be directed by the council ; to recommend pre- 
miums for drawings of fruits and flowers, and plans of country 
houses, and other edifices and structures connected with horticul- 
ture ; and for communications on any subject in relation thereto. 

H. A. S. DEARBORN, Chairman. 

JOHN C. GRAY, 

JACOB BIGELOW, 

T. W. HARRIS, 

E. H. DERBY, 

ZEBEDEE COOK, Jr. 



COMMITTEE ON THE SYNONYMES OF FRUITS. 

At a meeting of the Society, June 20, the following gentlemen 
were chosen a Committee to facilitate a change of fruits with the 
Philadelphia, New York, and Albany Horticultural Societies, and 
others, for the purpose of establishing their synonymes. 

JOHN LOWELL, Chairman, 
ROBERT MANNING, 
SAMUEL DOWNER. 



MEMBERS 



MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



ASPINWALL, AUGUSTUS, Brookline. 
AMES, JOHNW., Dedham. 
ANDREWS, JOHN H., Salem. 
ANDREWS, EBENEZER T., Boston, 
ANTHONY, JAMES, Providence. 



BARTLF.TT, ENOCH, Roxbury. 
BREWER, THOMAS, " 

BRIMMEK, GEORGE W., Boston. 
BRADLEE, JOSEPH P., " 

BREED, EBENEZER, " 

BUSSEY, BENJAMIN, " 

BREED, HENRY A., Lynn. 
BIGELOW, JACOB, Boston. 
BALDWIN, ENOCH, Dorchester. 
BREED, JOHN, Charlestown. 
BREED, ANDREWS, Lynn. 
BAILEY, KENDAL, Charlestown. 
BALLARD, JOSEPH, Boston. 



ANDREWS, FERDINAND, Lancaster. 
ATKINSON, AMOS, Brookline. 
APPLETON, SAMUEL, Boston. 
ADAMS, DANIEL, Newbury. 



B 



BROWN, JAMES, Cambridge. 
BARTLETT, EDMUND, Newburyport. 
BUCKMLMSTER, LAWSON, Rcaminghasar, 
BUCKMINSTER, EDWARD F., « 
BRECK, JOSEPH, Pepperell. 
BADLAM, STEPHEN, Boston. 
BRADFORD, SAMUEL H., Boston. 
BAILEY, EBENEZER, Boston. 
BANGS. EDWARD D , Worcester. 
BOWDOIN, JAMES, Boston. 
BALCH, JOSEPH, Roxbury. 
BOND, GEORGE, Boston. 



COOK, ZEBEDEE, Jr., Dorchester. 
CODMAN, JOHN, 
CUNNINGHAM, J. A., " 
CLAPP, NATHANIEL, " 
COOLIDGE, JOSEPH, Boston. 
CORDIS THOMAS, " 

COPELAND, B. F., Roxbury. 
COGSWELL, J. G., Northampton. 
CHAMPNEY, JOHN, Roxbury. 
COWING, CORNELIUS, " 
CHANDLER, DANIEL, Lexington. 
(WLLENDER, JOSEPH, Boston. 
CHASE, HEZEKIAH, Lynn. 



COLMAN, HENRY, Salem. 
CARNES, NATHANIEL G., New York- 
CURTIS, EDWARD, Pepperell. 
CHANDLER, SAMUEL, Lexington. 
CAPEN, AARON, Dorchester. 
CROWN1NSHIELD, BENJ. W., Salem. 
COTTING, WM., West Cambridge. 
CABOT, SAMUEL, Brookline. 
COFFIN, HECTOR, Rock Farm, Nowbury- 
CURTIS, NATHANIEL, Roxbury. 
CLAP, ISAAC, Dorchester. 
CRAFTS, EBENEZER, Roxbury. 



43 



DEARBORN, H. A. S., Roxbury. 
DAVIS, ISAAC P., Boston. 
DOWNER, SAMUEL, Dorchester. 
DICKSON, JAMES A., « 
DOWSE, THOMAS, Cambridgeport 
DUDLEY, DAVID, Roxbury. 
DOGGETT, JOHN, Boston. 
DREW, DANIEL, " 
DERBY, JOHN, Salem. 

EMMONS, ROBERT L., Boston. 
EVERETT, EDWARD, Charlestown. 
EUSTIS, JAMES, South Reading. 



D 

DAVENPORT, NATHANIEL, Milton. 
DAVIS, CHARLES, Roxbury. 
DORR, NATHANIEL, " 
DODGE, PICKERING, Salem. 
DEAN, WILLIAM, •« 

DERBY, E. H., " 

DODGE, PICKERING, Jr. Salem. 
DAVIS, JOHN B., Boston. 

E 

EDWARDS, ELISHA, Springfield. 
EAGER, WILLIAM, Boston. 
ENDICOTT, WILLIAM P.. Danvers. 



FRENCH, BENJAMIN V., Boston. FLETCHER, RICHARD, Boston. 

FESSENDEN, THOMAS G., Charlestown. FIELD, JOSEPH, Weston. 



FROTH1NGHAM, SAMUEL, Boston, 
FORRESTER, JOHN, Salem. 
FISKE, OLIVER, Worcester. 
FOSDICK DAVID, Charlestown. 



GRAY, JOHN C, Boston. 
GREENLEAF, THOMAS, Quincy. 
GOURGAS, J. M., Weston. 
GREEN, CHARLES W., Roxbury. 
GORE, WATSON, " 

GANNETT, T. B., Cambridge. 



HARRIS, SAMUEL D., Boston. 
HUNTINGTON, JOSEPH, Roxbury. 
HASKINS, RALPH, " 

HUNTINGTON, RALPH, Boston. 
HEARD, JOHN, Jr., « 

HILL, JEREMIAH, " 

HOLLINGSWORTH, MARK, Milton. 
HARRIS, WILLIAM T., " 

HOLBROOK, AMOS, " 

HARRIS, THADDEUS M., Dorchester. 
HOWE, RUFUS, <« 

HAYDEN, JOHN, Brookline. 



IVES, JOHN M., Salem. 



JAQUES, SAMUEL, Jr., Charlestown. 
JOY, JOSEPH G., Boston. 



FITCH, JEREMIAH, Boston 
FRANCIS, J. B., Warwick, (R. I ) 
FREEMAN, RUSSELL, New Bedford. 
FAY, SAMUEL P. P., Cambridge. 

G 

GARDNER, W. F., Salem. 
GARDNER, JOSHUA, Dorchester. 
GOODALE, EPHRAIM, Bucksport. 
GOODWIN, THOMAS, J., Charlestown. 
GUILD, BENJAMIN, Boston. 
GIBBS, BENJAMIN, Boston. 



II 



HOWES, FREDERICK, Salem. 
HAGGERSTON, DAVID, Charlestown. 
HUNT, EBENEZER, Northampton. 
HOWL AND, JOHN, Jr., Now Bedford. 
IIAYWARD, GEORGE, Boston. 
HIGGINSON, HENRY, Boston. 
HALL, DUDLEY, Medford. 
HARTSHORNE, ELIPHALET P., Boston. 
HOUGHTON, ABEL. Jr., Lynn. 
HOVEY, P. B., Jr., Cambridgeport. 
HURD, WILLIAM, Charlestown. 

I 

J 

JOY, JOSEPH B., Boston. 
JONES, THOMAS K., Roxbury. 



44 



JOHNSON, SAMUEL, It., Charlestown. 
JACKSON, PATRICK T., Boston. 



KENRICK, WILLIAM, Newton. 
KELLIE, WILLIAM, Boston. 



JACKSON, JAMES, Boston. 
JOHONNOT, GEORGE S., Salem. 

K 

KING, JOHN, Medford. 



LINCOLN, LEVI, Worcester. 
LINCOLN, WILLIAM, " 
LOWELL, JOHN, Roxbury. 
LEE, THOMAS, Jr. « 
LEWIS, HENRY, « 
LEMIST, JOHN, " 

LYMAN, THEODORE, Jr., Boston. 
LOWELL, JOHN A., '< 



MANNING, ROBERT, Salem. 
MANNERS, GEORGE, Boston. 
MINNS, THOMAS, " 

MORRILL, AMBROSE, Lexington. 
MUNROE, JONAS, n 

MUSSEY, BENJAMIN, Boston. 

NEWHALL, CHEEVER, Dorchester. 
NICHOLS, OTIS, " 

NUTTALL, THOMAS, Cambridge. 
NEWELL, JOSEPH R., Boston. 



OTIS, HARRISON G., Boston. 
OUVER, FRANCIS J., «« 



LAWRENCE, ABBOTT, Boston. 
LYMAN, GEORGE W., " 
LAWRENCE, CHARLES, Salem. 
LITTLE, HENRY, Bucksport, Maine. 
LELAND, DANIEL, Sherburne. 
LELAND, J. P., " 

LITTLE SAMUEL, Bucksport. 

M 

M'CARTHY, EDWARD, Brighton. 
MACKAY, JOHN, Boston. 
MEAD, ISAAC W., Charlestown. 
MEAD, SAMUEL O., West Cambridge. 
MOFFATT, J. L., Boston. 

N 

NEWHALL, JOSIAH, Lynnfield. 
NEWMAN, HENRY, Roxbury. 
NICHOLSON, HENRY, Brookline. 
NEWELL, JOSEPH W., Charlestown. 

o 

OLIVER, WILLIAM, Dorchester. 
OXNARD, HENRY, Brookline. 



PERKINS, THOMAS, H., Boston. 
PERKINS, SAMUEL G., " 
PARSONS, THEOPHILUS, " 
PUTNAM, JESSE, » 

PRATT, GEORGE W., " 

PRESCOTT, WILLIAM, " 
PENNIMAN, ELISHA, Brookline 
PARSONS, GORHAM, Brighton. 
PETTEE, OTIS, Newton. 
PRINCE, JOHN, Roxbury. 
PHINNEY, ELIAS, Lexington. 
PRINCE, JOHN, Jr., Salem. 
PEABODY, FRANCIS, " 
PICKMAN, BENJ. T., Boston. 
PENNIMAN, JAMES, Dorchester. 



POOR, BENJAMIN, New York. 
PERRY, Rev. G. B., East Bradford. 
PERRY, JOHN, Sherburne. 
POND, SAMUEL, Cambridge. 
PAYNE, EDWARD W, Boston. 
PAINE, ROBERT TREAT, " 
POND, SAMUEL M., Bucksport. 
PRESCOTT, C. II., C.rnwallis, Nova Scotia. 
PARKER, DANIEL P., Boston. 
PRATT, WILLIAM, Jr., Boston. 
PRIEST, JOHN F., " 

PHILBRTCK, SAMUEL, Brookline. 
PARKER, THOMAS, Dorchester. 
PARKER, ISAAC, Boston. 
PARKINSON, JOHN, Roxbury. 



45 
R 



RUSSELL, JOHN B., Boston. 
BOBBINS, E. H., " 

ROLLINS, WILLIAM, " 
RICE, JOHN P., " 

RICE, HENRY, " 

RUSSELL, J. W., Roxbury. 
READ, JAMES, " 

ROBDINS, P. G., Roxbury. 
ROLLINS, EBENEZER, Boston. 



SIHJRTLEFP, BENJAMIN, Boston. 
SEARS, DAVID, " 

STEVENS, ISAAC, " 

SILSBY, ENOCH, " 

STORER, D. HUMPHREYS, " 
SULLIVAN, RICHARD, Brooklino. 
SEAVER, NATHANIEL, Roxbury. 
SENIOR, CHARLES, " 

SUMNER, WILLIAM H., Dorchester. 
SWETT, JOHN, " 

SHARP, EDWARD, " 

SMITH, CYRUS, Sandwich. 
SUTTON, WILLIAM, Jr., Danvers. 
STORY, F. H., Salem. 



TAPPAN, CHARLES, Brooklino. 
TIDD, JACOB, Roxbury. 
THOMPSON, GEORGE, Medford. 
TRAIN, SAMUEL, " 

THORNDIKE, ISRAEL, Jr., Boston. 
THWING, SUPPLY C, Roxbury. 



ROWE, JOSEPH, Milton. 
ROGERS, R. S., Salem. 
RODMAN, BENJAMIN, New Bedford. 
ROTCH, FRANCIS, <« 

ROTCH, WILLIAM, " 

RICHARDSON. NATHAN, South Reading. 
RAND, EDWARD S., Newburyport. 
RICHARDS, EDWARD M., Dedham. 



s 



STRONG, JOSEPH, Jr., South Hadley. 
STEARNS, CHARLES, Springfield. 
SHURTLEFF, SAMUEL A., Boston. 
SPRINGER, JOHN, Sterling. 
SALTONSTALL, LEVERETT, Salem. 
SHAW, LEMUEL, Boston. 
SMITH, J. M., " 

STORRS, NATHANIEL, Boston. 
SISSON, FREEBORN, Warren, (R. I.) 
SWIFT, HENRY, Nantucket. 
SMITH, STEPHEN H., Providence. 
SWAN, DANIEL, Medford. 
STONE, LEONARD, Watertown. 
STONE, WILLIAM, South Boston. 

T 

TUCKER, RICHARD D., Boston. 
TILDEN, JOSEPH, " 

TOOHEY, RODERICK, Waltham. 
THOMAS, BENJAMIN, Bingham. 
TRULL, JOHN W., Boston. 
TAYLOR, CHARLES, Dorchester. 



VOSE, ELIJAH, Dorchester. 



w 



WILLIAMS, NEHEMIAH D., Roxbury. 
WILLIAMS, FRANCIS I., Boston. 
WILDER, M. P., Boston. 
WILLIAMS, AARON D., Roxbury. 
WILLIAMS, MOSES, " 

WILLIAMS, G., ■« 

WELD. BENJAMIN, " 

WORTHINGTON, WILLIAM, Dorchester. 
WELLES, JOHN, " 

WALES, WILLIAM, 
WEBSTER, J. W., Cambridge 
WHITE, ABIJAH, Watertown. 
WILLIAMS, SAMUEL G., Boston. 



WIGHT, EBENEZER, Boston. 
WYATT, ROBERT, " 

WINSHIP, JONATHAN, Brighton. 
WILKINSON, SIMON, Boston. 
WILDER, S. V. S., Bolton. 
WALDO, DANIEL, Worcester. 
WYETH, NATHANIEL J. Jr., Cambridge. 
WEST, THOMAS, Haverhill. 
WILLARD, JOSEPH, Lancaster. 
WHITMARSH, SAMUEL, Northampton. 
WHITMARSH, THOMAS, Brookline. 
WARREN, JONATHAN, Jr., Weston. 
WEBSTER, NATHAN, Haverhill. 



46 



WHITE, STEPHEN, Salem. WARD, RICHARD, Roxbury. 

WARD, MALTHUS A. " WELD, AARON D. Jk., Boston, 

WEBSTER, DANIEL, Boston. WALKER, SAMUEL, Roxbury. 



HONORARY MEMBERS. 

ADAMS, Hon. JOHN QUINCY, late President of the United States. 
AITON, WILLIAM TOWNSEND, Curator of the Royal Gardens, Kew. 
ABBOTT, JOHN, Esq., Brunswick, Me. 
ABBOTT, BENJAMIN, LL. D., Principal of Phillips' Academy, Exeter, New 

Hampshire. 
BUEL, J., Esq. President of the Albany Horticultural Society. 
BODIN, Le Chevalier SOULANGE, Secretaire-General de la Societe D'Hor- 

ticulture de Paris. 
BANCROFT, EDWARD NATHANIEL, M. D., President of the Horticul- 
tural and Agricultural Society of Jamaica. 
BARCLAY, ROBERT, Esq., Great Britain. 
BEEKMAN, JAMES, New York. 
BARBOUR, P. P., Virginia. 
COXE, WILLIAM, Esq., Burlington, N. J. 
COLLINS, ZACCHEUS, Esq. President of the Pennsylvania Horticultural 

Society, Philadelphia. 
COFFIN, Admiral Sir ISAAC, Great Britain. 
CHAUNCY, ISAAC, United States' Navy, Brookline, New York. 
CLAPIER, LEWIS, Philadelphia. 

DICKSON, JAMES, Esq., Vice President of the London Hort. Society. 
DE CANDOLLE, Mons. ANGUSTIN PYRAMUS, Professor of Botany in the 

Academy of Geneva. 
ELLIOT, Hon. STEPHEN. Charleston, S. C. 
EVERETT, HORACE, Vermont. 
EVANSON, CHARLES ALLAN, Secretary King's County Agricultural Soc. 

St. John, New Brunswick. 
FALDERMAN, F., Curator of the Imperial Botanic Garden at St. Petersburg. 
FISCHER, Dr., Professor of Botany, of the Imperial Botanic Garden at St. 

Petersburg. 
GREIG, JOHN, Esq., Geneva, President of the Domestic Hort. Society of 

the Western Part of the State of New York. 
GORE, REBECCA, Mrs, Waltham. 

GRIFFITHS, MARY, Mrs, Charlies Hope, New Jersey. 
GIRARD, STEPHEN, Philadelphia. 
GIBBS, GEORGE, Sunswick, New York. 
HERICART DE THURY, Le Vicomte, President de la Societe D'Hortfcul- 

ture de Paiis. 
HOSACK, DAVID, M. D., President of the New York Horticultural Soc. 



47 

HOPKIRK, THOMAS, Esq., President of the Glasgow Hort. Society. 

HUNT, LEWIS, Esq., Huntsburg, Ohio. 

HILDRETH, S. P., Marietta, Ohio. 

INGERSOLL, JAMES R., President of the Horticultural Society of Pennsyl- 
vania, Philadelphia. 

JACKSON, ANDREW, President of the United States. 

KNIGHT, THOMAS ANDREW, Esq., President of the London Hort. Society. 

LOUDON, JOHN CLAUDIUS, Great Britain. 

LA FAYETTE, General, La Grange, France. 

LASTEYRIE, Le Comte de, Vice President de la Societe D'Horticulture 
de Paris. 

LORRILLARD, JACOB, President of the New York Hort. Soc. New York. 

LONGSTRETH, JOSHUA, Philadelphia. 

MADISON, Hon. JAMES, late President of the U. S. Virginia. 

MONROE, Hon. JAMES, late President of the U. S. Virginia. 

MICHAUX, Mons. F. ANDREW, Paris. 

MENTENS, LEWIS JOHN, Esq., Bruxelles. 

MITCHILL, SAMUEL L., M. D., New York. 

MOSSELMANN, , Esq., Antwerp. 

POITEAU, Professor of the Institute Horticole de Fromont. 

POWEL, JOHN HARE, Powelton, Pa. 

PRINCE, WILLIAM, Esq. Long Island, New York. 

PRATT, HENRY, Philadelphia. 

PALMER, JOHN, Esq., Calcutta. 

ROSEBERRY, ARCHIBALD JOHN, Earl of, President of the Caledonian 
Hort. Society. 

SABINE, JOSEPH, Esq., Secretary of the London Hort. Society. 

SHEPHARD, JOHN, Curator of the Botanic Garden, Liverpool. 

SCOTT, Sir WALTER, Scotland. 

SKINNER, JOHN S., Baltimore. 

TURNER, JOHN, Assistant Secretary of the London Hort. Society. 

THACHER, JAMES, M. D., Plymouth, Mass. 

THORBURN, GRANT, Esq., New York. 

TALIAFERRO, JOHN, Virginia. 

THOURS, M. Du Petit, Paris, Professor Poiteau of the Institute Horticole de 
Fromont. 

VILMORIN, Mons. PIERRE PHILLIPPE ANDRE, Paris. 

VAUGHAN, BENJAMIN, Esq., Hallowell, Maine. 

VAN MONS, JEAN BAPTISTE, M. D., Brussels. 

VAUGHAN, PETTY,Esq., London. 

WELLES, Hon. JOHN, Boston, Mass. 

WILLICK, NATHANIEL, M. D., Curator of the Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 

WADSWORTH, JAMES, Geneseo, New York. 

YATES, ASHTON, Esq., Liverpool 



48 

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 



ADLUM, JOHN, Georgetown, District of Columbia. 
ASPINWALL, Col. THOMAS, U. S. Consul, London. 
APPLETON, THOMAS, Esq,., U. S. Consul, Leghorn. 

ALPEY, 

BARNETT, ISAAC COX, Esq., U. S. Consul, Paris. 
BURTON, ALEXANDER, U. S. Consul, Cadiz. 
BULL, E. W., Hartford, Connecticut. 
CARR, ROBERT, Esq., Philadelphia. 
COLVILLE, JAMES, Chelsea, England. 
CARNES, FRANCIS G., Paris. 
DEERING, JAMES, Portland, Maine. 
FLOY, MICHAEL, New York. 
FOX, JOHN, Washington, District Columbia. 
GARDINER, ROBERT H., Esq., Gardiner, Maine. 
GIBSON, ABRAHAM P., U. S. Consul, St. Petersburg. 
GARDNER, BENJAMIN, Consul U. States, Palermo. 
HALL, CHARLES HENRY, Esq., New York. 
HAY, JOHN, Architect of the Caledonian Hort. Soc. 

HALSEY, ABRAHAM, Corresponding Secretary of the New York Hort. Soc. 
New York. 

HUNTER, , Baltimore. 

HOGG, THOMAS, New York. 

HENRY, BERNARD, Consul U. S. Gibraltar. 

LANDRETH, DAVID, Jr., Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the Pennsylvania 

Hort. Society. 
MAURY, JAMES, Esq., U. S. Consul, Liverpool. 

MILLER, JOHN, M. D., Secretary of the Hort. and Agr. Soc. Jamaica. 
MILLS, STEPHEN, Esq., Long Island, New York. 
MELVILLE, ALLAN, New York. 
NEWHALL, HORATIO, M. D., Galena, Illinois. 
OFFLEY, DAVID, Esq , U. S. Consul, Smyrna. 
OMBROSI, JAMES, U. S. Consul, Florence. 
PARKER, JOHN, Esq., U. S. Consul, Amsterdam. 

PAYSON, JOHN L., Esq., Messina. 

PRINCE, WILLIAM ROBERT, Esq., Long Island, New York. 

PRINCE, ALFRED STRATTON, Long Island. 

PERRY, M. C, U. S. Navy, Charlestown. 

PALMER, JOHN J., New York. 

ROGERS, WILLIAM S., U. S. Navy, Boston. 

ROGERS, J. S., Hartford, Connecticut. 

SMITH, DANIEL D., Esq., Burlington, New Jersey. 

SMITH, CALEB R., Esq., New Jersey. 

SPRAGUE, HORATIO, Gibraltar. 

THORBURN, GEORGE C, New York. 

WILSON, WILLIAM, New York. 

WLNGATE, J. F., Bath, Maine. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, &c 



At the annual meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- 
ciety, held at their Hall on Saturday, September 18, 1830, it was 

Voted, That the alterations in the Constitution and By-Laws of 
this Society, with a list of the Members and Standing Committees 
be appended to the Anniversary Address, to be published agreea- 
bly to a vote of the Society. 

At a stated meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 
held on Saturday, March (5, 1830, at the Hall of the Society, it was 

Resolved, That Honorary and Corresponding Members may be 
hereafter elected by the Council, instead of the manner prescribed 
in the XXI Vth article of the By-Laws. 

The following Resolutions to amend the Constitution were 
offered, to be acted upon at the next stated meeting of the Society. 

Resolved, That the Vllth section of the Constitution be so far 
amended, as that all members be elected by the Council, instead 
of the mode prescribed in said section. 

Resolved, That the IXth section of the Constitution be so far 
amended, that the Anniversary of the Society shall hereafter be 
observed on the third Wednesday of September. 

Voted, To amend the By-Laws of the Society by reducing the 
fee of Life Membership to Fifteen Dollars, including the annual 
subscription of the first year. 

An adjourned meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- 
ciety was held on the 13th of March, when the following regula- 
tions for the Library and Cabinet were adopted. 

ARTICLE I. 

All books, manuscripts, drawings, engravings, paintings, models, 
and other articles belonging to the Society, shall be confided 
to the special care of the Committee on the Library, which shall 

7 



50 

make a report at the annual meeting, on the third Saturday of 
September, of their condition, and what measures may be necessary 
for their preservation and augmentation. 

ARTICLE II. 

There shall be procured proper cases and cabinets for the books 
and all other articles, in which they shall be arranged, in such a 
manner, as the Committee on the Library may direct. 

ARTICLE III. 

All additions to the collection of books and other articles shall 
be placed upon the table, in the Hall of the Society, for exhibition 
for one week, and as much longer as the Library Committee may 
deem expedient, previous to their being arranged in their appro- 
priate situations. 

ARTICLE IV. 

The following books of record shall be kept in the Hall of the 
Society. 

Number 1. To contain a Catalogue of the Books. 

" 2. To contain a Catalogue of the Manuscripts. 

•' 3. To contain an account of the drawings, engravings, 

paintings, models, and all other articles. 
" 4. The register of books loaned. 

ARTICLE V. 

When any book, or any other article, shall be presented to the 
Society, the name of the donor shall be inserted in the appropriate 
record book, and the time it was received. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Every book and article shall have a number affixed to it, in the 
order in which they are arranged in the several books of record. 

ARTICLE VII. 

When any new book is received, it shall be withheld from circu- 
lation at least one week ; and very rare and costly works shall not 
be taken from the Hall without the permission of the Library 
Committee. 



ARTICLE VIII. 



Not more than two volumes shall be taken out by any member, 
at one time, of retained longer than two weeks ; and every person 
shall be subject to a fine of ten cents a week for every volume 
retained beyond that time. 

ARTICLE IX. 

Every book shall be returned in good order, regard being had 
to the necessary wear thereof, with proper usage ; and if any book 
shall be lost or injured, the person to whom it stands charged 
shall replace it by a new volume or set, if it belonged to a set, 
or pay the current price of the volume or set, and then upon the 
remainder of the set, if the volume belong to a set, shall be deliv- 
ered to the person so paying for the same. 

ARTICLE X. 

All books shall be returned to the Hall for examination on or 
before the first Saturday of September annually, and remain until 
after the third Saturday of said month ; and every person then 
having one or more books, and neglecting to return the same, as 
herein required, shall pay a fine of one dollar ; and if, at the expira- 
tion of one month after the third Saturday of September, any book 
has not been returned, which was taken out previous to the annual 
examination of the Library, the person to whom it stands charged, 
shall be required to return the same, and if after such request, it 
is not placed in the Hall within two weeks, he shall be liable to 
pay therefor, in the manner prescribed in the ninth article. 

ARTICLE XI. 

No member shall loan a book to any other person, under the 
penalty of a fine of one dollar. 

ARTICLE XII. 

When a written request shall be left at the Hall for a particular 
book, then out, it shall be retained for the person requiring it, for 
two days after it shall have been returned. 



52 

At a special meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society 
held on Saturday, May 8, 1830, the following resolution was 
adopted : 

Resolved, That the four Committees on Fruits, the products of 
the kitchen garden, Flowers, and the synonymes of fruits, be 
specially charged to examine the various products within their 
several departments, which may be weekly exhibited in the Hall 
of the Society, and to furnish reports thereon for publication in 
the New England Fanner. 

At a stated meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 
which was held on Saturday, June 12, by adjournment, it was 

Voted, That the several Committees on Fruits, the products of 
the kitchen garden, Flowers, and the synonymes of Fruits, which 
were directed at the meeting held on the 8th of May last, to make 
weekly reports on the products exhibited in the Hall of the Society, 
be requested to present them for publication, with distinctive cap- 
tions, and that they be signed by the chairman, or such member of 
the Committee, as may be charged with the duty of preparing them 
for the press. 

Resolved, that the Vllth section of the Constitution be so far 
amended that all members be elected by the Council instead of 
the manner prescribed in said section. 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL. 

At a meeting of the board of Counsellors of the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society, held on Saturday, December 5th, 1829, the 
following resolutions were adopted : 

1st. Resolved, That an Executive Committee of the Council be 
chosen to consist of five members, with authority to exercise all the 
powers of the Council ; and said Committee to convene at such 
times and places as may be deemed expedient, and to make re- 
port of the proceedings to the Council at the stated meetings of the 
board, and at such other times as may be required. 



53 

2d. Resolved, That the stated meetings of the Council shall be 
held at ten o'clock, A. M., on the first Saturday of March, June, 
September and December, at the Hall of the Society. 

3d. Resolved, That there be an addition of one member to the 
Library Committee. Zebedee Cook, Jr., having been nominated, 
he was accordingly elected. 

4th. Resolved, That all letters and communications to or from 
any of the officers or members of the Society, which relate to ob- 
jects for which it was instituted, and it may be deemed expedient 
to publish as a part of the transactions of the Society, shall be 
transmitted to the Library Committee, and said Committee shall 
prepare them for, and superintend their publication. 

5th. Resolved, That the four Standing Committees of the 
Council prepare lists of such objects as they may think worthy of 
premiums, and cause the same to be published in the New England 
Farmer during the month of January next. 

6th. Resolved, That all seeds, plants, or other articles, presented 
to the Society, or purchased therefor, shall be disposed of as the 
Executive Committee may direct. 

The following Gentlemen were then elected in pursuance of the 
first resolution. 

SAMUEL DOWNER, Dorchester. 
ELIAS PHINNEY, Lexington. 
CHEEVER NEWHALL, Dorchester. 
CHARLES TAPPAN, Brookline. 
JOHN B. RUSSELL, Boston. 



RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEES. 

1. It is the duty of the Standing Committee on Fruits, Flowers, 
Vegetables, and the synonymes of Fruits, to attend the weekly ex- 
hibitions at the Hall of the Society, and to carefully examine all 
specimens which may be offered for premium or exhibition. 

2. Reports on Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, offered for exhi- 
bition only, may be drawn up, signed, and delivered to the Library 
Committee, for publication, by any member of each Committee, 



54 



who may be present, in the Hall, in the event the Chairman is 
absent, and provided the consent of such other members, as may 
be in attendance, is given. 

» 3. No Report, awarding premiums, to be made on objects offer- 
ed therefor, until after the season of the maturity of each kind of 
fruit, flower, and vegetable, for which premiums have been offered, 
has passed. 

4. No premium to be awarded, but by the consent and approba- 
tion of a majority of each committee. 

5. All reports awarding premiums, to be signed by the Chair- 
man, and transmitted to the Library Commitee for publication. 

The foregoing Rules were read and adopted, at a meeting of the 
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, on the 2d of October, 1830. 
H. A. S. DEARBORN, Pres. Mass. Hort. Soc. 
E. L. EMMONS, Recording Sec. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
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